Do referrals improve the representation of women in mobile phone surveys?

Steven Glazerman, Karen A. Grépin, Valerie Mueller, Michael Rosenbaum and Nicole Wu

Journal of Development Economics, 2023, vol. 162, issue C

Abstract: Random digit dial surveys with mobile phones risk under-representation of women. To address this, we compare the characteristics of women recruited directly with those of women recruited through referrals from male household members. The referral process improves representation of vulnerable groups, such as young women, the asset poor, and those living in areas with low connectivity. Among mobile phone users, we show a referral (rather than a direct dial) protocol includes more nationally representative proportions of women with these attributes. While seeking intra-household referrals may improve representation, we show that it does so at a higher cost.

Keywords: Gender representation; Mobile phone surveys; Referral; Survey methods (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C83 J16 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:deveco:v:162:y:2023:i:c:s0304387823000329

DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2023.103077

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