National river conservation plan and water pollutants in India

Apra Sinha and Ashish Kumar Sedai

Economic Analysis and Policy, 2025, vol. 85, issue C, 2192-2206

Abstract: This paper examines pollution sources in major Indian rivers and assesses the effectiveness of the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) in reducing water pollution. Using an extended Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework that includes socio-economic characteristics, institutional factors and accounts for cross-sectional dependence, we find that rising income effectively reduces chemical pollutants but worsens pollution from untreated sewage and biodegradable waste in developing economies. Our analysis shows that the NRCP significantly reduced water pollution, particularly chemical effluents. Furthermore, increased newspaper circulation correlates with lower pollution levels, emphasizing the role of public awareness in enhancing water quality.

Keywords: EKC; Water effluents; NRCP; India; Turning points; Institution (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q50 Q52 Q58 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:ecanpo:v:85:y:2025:i:c:p:2192-2206

DOI: 10.1016/j.eap.2025.02.031

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