Higher moments interaction between the US treasury yields, energy assets, and green cryptos: Dynamic analysis with portfolio implications

Najaf Iqbal, Zaghum Umar, Zhang Shaoyong and Tatiana Sokolova

Energy Economics, 2025, vol. 141, issue C

Abstract: We examine how the US treasury yields are connected with traditional energy and green cryptocurrencies in higher moments. For this purpose, we first compute the US treasury yield curve's Level, Slope, and Curvature based on different maturities from October 2017 to December 2023 and then apply the TVP-VAR model on return, volatility, Skewness, and Kurtosis measures. We find that returns are the most connected compared with the higher moments. The dynamic connectedness represents distinct spikes in each moment's case, sharing patterns during the 2017 crypto rally, the COVID-19 outburst in 2020, and the Russia-Ukraine war eruption in 2022. Despite being the leading shock transmitters, green cryptocurrencies share weak connections in the higher moments, making them suitable diversifiers in turbulent times. We also compute minimum variance, minimum connectedness, and minimum correlation portfolios and their hedging effectiveness. Green cryptos significantly reduce variance in traditional energy portfolios, which is evident from their high hedging effectiveness. The connectedness patterns support the Global Financial Cycle Hypothesis, showing integration in extreme market conditions, partly affected by the US treasury yields. We discuss the important implications of these findings for portfolio managers and policymakers.

Keywords: Sovereign yields; Green cryptocurrencies; Energy assets; Higher moments; Portfolio implications (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: E43 G11 G15 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:141:y:2025:i:c:s0140988324007862

DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108077

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