 Pure martingale and joint normality tests for energy futures contractsKeshab Shrestha, Ravichandran Subramaniam and Puspavathy Rassiah Energy Economics, 2017, vol. 63, issue C, 174-184 Abstract: In this study, we empirically analyze to see if the pure martingale hypothesis holds for three energy-related commodities: crude oil, heating oil and natural gas. We also test this hypothesis for five different hedging horizons: 1-day, 1-week, 4-week, 8-week and 12-week. Our empirical results show that the pure martingale hypothesis holds for all three commodities and all five horizons. This implies that the expected return on futures contract can be ignored in determining the optimal hedge ratio. We also test to see if the joint normality between futures and spot returns holds for the same three commodities and five hedging horizons. We reject the joint normality hypothesis for all three commodities and five hedging horizons. This implies that hedgers with different utility function have different optimal hedge ratios. Thus, in general, one needs to take into account of hedger's utility function when deriving optimal hedge ratio. Our results are robust to pre- and post-financial crisis as well as some other specifications considered in the paper. Keywords: Hedge ratio; Pure martingale; Joint normality (search for similar items in EconPapers) Downloads: (external link) Related works: Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:63:y:2017:i:c:p:174-184 DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2017.02.005 Access Statistics for this article Energy Economics is currently edited by R. S. J. Tol, Beng Ang, Lance Bachmeier, Perry Sadorsky, Ugur Soytas and J. P. Weyant More articles in Energy Economics from Elsevier |
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