How effective is carbon taxation on residential heating demand? A household-level analysis

Laurent Ott and Sylvain Weber ()

Energy Policy, 2022, vol. 160, issue C

Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of the Swiss CO2 levy on households' heating demand. Using a difference-in-differences approach combined with inverse probability of treatment weighting, we test whether the 2016 and 2018 carbon tax rate increases had a short-run impact on Swiss households' heating and hot water expenditures—i.e. a proxy for heating consumption. Micro-level data from the Swiss Household Energy Demand Survey are used to estimate the models. Our regression analysis shows that heating consumption decreases with time for all households, but it does not detect any clear short-run impact of the CO2 levy on fossil fuel users in comparison to non-fossil fuel users. We nevertheless find that many factors significantly affect heating consumption, such as setting the thermostat at a lower temperature. Even though further research is needed regarding possible long-run impacts, our findings challenge the relevance of this policy instrument under its current form to lower households’ CO2 emissions. Considering that its rate is regularly increased based on short-run emission targets, households may have too little time to adapt. The tax design might thus need to be revised to take into account the slow reaction time.

Keywords: Carbon tax; Energy consumption; Fossil fuel; Policy evaluation; Inverse probability of treatment weighting; Difference-in-differences (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C21 C23 H23 Q41 Q58 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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Working Paper: How effective is carbon taxation on residential heating demand? A household-level analysis (2018)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:enepol:v:160:y:2022:i:c:s0301421521005632

DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112698

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