CO2 emissions, energy usage, and output in Central America

Nicholas Apergis () and James Payne

Energy Policy, 2009, vol. 37, issue 8, 3282-3286

Abstract: This study extends the recent work of Ang (2007) [Ang, J.B., 2007. CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and output in France. Energy Policy 35, 4772-4778] in examining the causal relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and output within a panel vector error correction model for six Central American countries over the period 1971-2004. In long-run equilibrium energy consumption has a positive and statistically significant impact on emissions while real output exhibits the inverted U-shape pattern associated with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The short-run dynamics indicate unidirectional causality from energy consumption and real output, respectively, to emissions along with bidirectional causality between energy consumption and real output. In the long-run there appears to be bidirectional causality between energy consumption and emissions.

Keywords: Energy; consumption; Carbon; dioxide; emissions; Growth (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2009
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (412)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:enepol:v:37:y:2009:i:8:p:3282-3286

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