 A national Blue-ESG index: measurement of marine sustainabilityYan Ma, Zhu-Jia Yin and Qiang Fu Innovation and Green Development, 2025, vol. 4, issue 4 Abstract: This study firstly develops a novel Blue-ESG framework to evaluate marine sustainability across 80 countries over the period 2000–2023. The findings reveal that global Blue-ESG scores follow a “slow rise–fluctuant decline” trend, with a marked decline after 2017, primarily attributable to geopolitical risks, de-globalization trends, and the COVID-19 pandemic. OECD countries demonstrate significantly higher Blue-ESG scores compared to non-OECD countries, largely due to stronger marine governance policies and greater investment. A continental comparison indicates that Europe and Oceania are leading in performance, while South America and Africa lag considerably behind. Asia and North America exhibit pronounced intra-regional disparities. These differences highlight global imbalances in marine economic capacity, environmental and ecological protection, innovation, and governance. This study not only presents the Blue-ESG framework at the national level for the first time but also offers both theoretical and practical foundations for assessing global marine sustainability. Keywords: Blue-ESG; Marine economy; Marine sustainability; Entropy weight method (search for similar items in EconPapers) Downloads: (external link) Related works: Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:ingrde:v:4:y:2025:i:4:s2949753125000712 DOI: 10.1016/j.igd.2025.100274 Access Statistics for this article Innovation and Green Development is currently edited by Hai-Jie Wang and Chun-Ping Chang More articles in Innovation and Green Development from Elsevier |
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