The great divergence in South Africa: Population and wealth dynamics over two centuries

Dieter von Fintel and Johan Fourie

Journal of Comparative Economics, 2019, vol. 47, issue 4, 759-773

Abstract: Does wealth persist over time, despite the disruptions of historical shocks like colonisation? This paper shows that South Africa experienced a reversal of fortunes after the arrival of European settlers in the eastern half of the country. Yet this was not because of an institutional reversal. We argue, instead, that black South Africans found themselves at the mercy of two extractive regimes: one in ‘white South Africa’ and another in the ‘homelands’. The political and economic institutions of each of those regimes favoured a small elite: in white South Africa, whites, and in the homelands, the black chiefs and headmen. Democracy brought inclusive institutions for black residents in white South Africa but not for those in the former homelands. This is why we see mass migration to the urban areas of South Africa today, and why addressing the institutional weaknesses of the former homelands are key to alleviating the poverty in these regions where a third of South Africans still reside.

Keywords: Reversal of fortunes; Population persistence; Institutional reversal; Colonial impact; Settler economy; African economic history; Traditional leaders (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: H11 I31 J61 N37 N97 O43 R11 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (9)

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Working Paper: The Great Divergence in South Africa: Population and Wealth Dynamics Over Two Centuries (2019)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:jcecon:v:47:y:2019:i:4:p:759-773

DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2019.08.005

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