Policy lessons from green gdp convergence over five decades: Enhancing sustainability and economic outcomes

Saša Stjepanović, Daniel Tomić and Marinko Skare

Journal of Policy Modeling, 2025, vol. 47, issue 1, 187-210

Abstract: This study analyzes the convergence of Green GDP among 160 countries from 1970 to 2019, emphasizing the pivotal role of environmental policies in shaping sustainable economic outcomes. By comparing traditional and Green GDP (includes environmental degradation), this paper identifies distinct economic clusters or “convergence clubs” and reveals how policy-driven changes influence these classifications. The findings highlight the significant impact of environmental policies on economic convergence and propose applicative policy recommendations to foster sustainable growth, making this study essential for policymakers engaged in economic and environmental planning. This study demonstrates the long-term convergence of the selected countries' economic growth, influenced by their disparate commitments to sustainable practices and regulatory frameworks that govern environmental protection. Thus, regardless of the variations across countries and their environmental policies, diverse economic strategies tend to produce similar outcomes in the long term.

Keywords: Green economy; Green GDP; Environmental convergence; Trade-off; Convergence; Policy modeling (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:jpolmo:v:47:y:2025:i:1:p:187-210

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.08.002

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