The impact of upzoning on housing construction in Auckland

Ryan Greenaway-McGrevy and Peter Phillips

Journal of Urban Economics, 2023, vol. 136, issue C

Abstract: There is a growing debate about whether upzoning is an effective policy response to housing shortages and unaffordable housing. This paper provides empirical evidence to further inform debate by examining the various impacts of recently implemented zoning reforms on housing construction in Auckland, the largest metropolitan area in New Zealand. In 2016, the city upzoned approximately three quarters of its residential land to facilitate construction of more intensive housing. We use a quasi-experimental approach to analyze the short-run impacts of the reform on construction, allowing for potential shifts in construction from non-upzoned to upzoned areas (displacement effects) that would, if unaccounted for, lead to an overestimation of treatment effects. We find strong evidence that upzoning stimulated construction. Treatment effects remain statistically significant even under implausibly large displacement effects that would necessitate more than a four-fold increase in the trend rate of construction in control areas under the counterfactual of no-upzoning. Our findings support the argument that upzoning can stimulate housing supply and suggest that further work to identify factors that mediate the efficacy of upzoning in achieving wider objectives of the policy would assist policymakers in the design of zoning reforms in the future.

Keywords: Upzoning; Land use regulations; Redevelopment; Housing construction; Housing affordability; Spillovers (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: R14 R31 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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Working Paper: The Impact of Upzoning on Housing Construction in Auckland (2022)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:juecon:v:136:y:2023:i:c:s0094119023000244

DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103555

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