Climate-related land use policies in Brazil: How much has been achieved with economic incentives in agriculture?

Marcelo Carauta, Christian Troost, Ivan Guzman-Bustamante, Anna Hampf, Affonso Libera, Katharina Meurer, Eric Bönecke, Uwe Franko, Renato de Aragão Ribeiro Rodrigues and Thomas Berger

Land Use Policy, 2021, vol. 109, issue C

Abstract: Until 2019, the Brazilian federal government employed a number of policy measures to fulfill the pledge of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from land use change and agriculture. While its forest law enforcement strategy was partially successful in combating illegal deforestation, the effectiveness of positive incentive measures in agriculture has been less clear. The reason is that emissions reduction from market-based incentives such as the Brazilian Low-Carbon Agriculture Plan cannot be easily verified with current remote sensing monitoring approaches. Farmers have adopted a large variety of integrated land-use systems of crop, livestock and forestry with highly diverse per-hectare carbon balances. Their responses to policy incentives were largely driven by cost and benefit considerations at the farm level and not necessarily aligned with federal environmental objectives. This article analyzes climate-related land-use policies in the state of Mato Grosso, where highly mechanized soybean–cotton and soybean–maize cropping systems prevail. We employ agent-based bioeconomic simulation together with life-cycle assessment to explicitly capture the heterogeneity of farm-level costs, benefits of adoption, and greenhouse gas emissions. Our analysis confirms previous assessments but suggests a smaller farmer policy response when measured as increase in area of integrated systems. In terms of net carbon balances, our simulation results indicate that mitigation effects at the farm level depended heavily on the exact type of livestock and grazing system. The available data were insufficient to rule out even adverse effects. The Brazilian experience thus offers lessons for other land-rich countries that build their climate mitigation policies on economic incentives in agriculture.

Keywords: Agricultural land use; Green financing; Diffusion of climate-friendly technologies; Model uncertainty analysis; High-performance computing (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (11)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:lauspo:v:109:y:2021:i:c:s0264837721003410

DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105618

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