What is the optimal speed limit on freeways?

Arthur van Benthem

Journal of Public Economics, 2015, vol. 124, issue C, 44-62

Abstract: When choosing his speed, a driver faces a trade-off between private benefits (time savings) and private costs (fuel cost and own damage and injury). Driving faster also has external costs (pollution, adverse health impacts and injury to other drivers). This paper uses large-scale speed limit increases in the western United States in 1987 and 1996 to address three related questions. First, do the social benefits of raising speed limits exceed the social costs? Second, do the private benefits of driving faster exceed the private costs? Third, what is the optimal speed limit? I find that a 10mph speed limit increase on highways leads to a 3–4mph increase in travel speed, 9–15% more accidents, 34–60% more fatal accidents, and elevated pollutant concentrations of 14–24% (carbon monoxide), 8–15% (nitrogen oxides), 1–11% (ozone) and 9% higher fetal death rates around the affected freeways. Using these estimates, I find that the social costs of speed limit increases are two to seven times larger than the social benefits. In contrast, many individual drivers would enjoy a net private benefit from driving faster. Privately, a value of a statistical life (VSL) of $6.0 million or less justifies driving faster, but the social planner's VSL could be at most $0.9–$2.0 million to justify higher speed limits. I conclude that the optimal speed limit was lower, but not much lower, than 55mph.

Keywords: Speed limit; Travel time; Accidents; Pollution; Infant health; Value of a statistical life; Value of time; Externalities (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: H23 Q51 Q58 R41 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (56)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:pubeco:v:124:y:2015:i:c:p:44-62

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2015.02.001

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