Testing above the limit: Drinking water contamination and test scores

Michelle Marcus

Journal of Public Economics, 2025, vol. 243, issue C

Abstract: This paper provides estimates of the contemporaneous effect of drinking water quality violations on students’ academic achievement. Using student-level test score data with residential addresses, geographic information on water systems, and drinking water violations from North Carolina, I estimate the within-student impacts of poor water quality on student test scores. Exposure to a bacteria violation during the school year decreases math scores by about 0.038 standard deviations when the public is uninformed. Results suggest that poor water quality may impact retention or comprehension of material throughout the school year.

Keywords: Public drinking water; Coliform bacteria; Water quality violations; Student test scores (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:pubeco:v:243:y:2025:i:c:s0047272725000118

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105313

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