Optimal load adjustment policy for multi-state k-out-of-n balanced systems with self-healing mechanisms

Qinglai Dong, Mengmeng Bai, Zhaoyao Yan and Bei Wu

Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 2025, vol. 261, issue C

Abstract: Balanced systems are widely used in safety-critical fields such as military weaponry, aerospace, and advanced energy storage technologies. Reliability analysis and load level adjustment policies are crucial for ensuring stable operation. This paper develops a two-stage shock model influenced by component load levels, which effectively captures the degradation processes and self-healing mechanisms of components in shock environments. By integrating the finite Markov chain embedding method with the PH distribution, this paper analyzes the impact of shocks and load levels on system and component states, deriving expressions for key reliability indices such as system reliability and lifetime moments. Additionally, the paper examines the optimal timing for load adjustments and proposes a dynamic load adjustment policy based on system operating time, aimed at optimizing system reliability, extending operational lifetime, and minimizing average adjustment costs. The efficacy of this policy is demonstrated through a comprehensive numerical example using a lithium-ion battery cell system.

Keywords: Balanced system; Load level adjustment policy; Reliability analysis; Shock environment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:reensy:v:261:y:2025:i:c:s0951832025002923

DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2025.111091

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