 War shocks, migration, and historical spatial development in ChinaTing Chen and James Kai-sing Kung Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2022, vol. 94, issue C Abstract: North China was traditionally the cradle of civilization in China, and yet most of its largest cities today are located in the south. Using a unique gridded (1∗1°) data set of population density for nearly two millennia, we show that the center of economic gravity had gradually shifted to the south between the 3rd and 12th centuries as a result of mass migration, of which nomadic intrusions were the key driving force. Evidence shows that the destination regions saw significant growth in population density and urban agglomeration after each wave of migration. Moreover, as it was the elites who spearheaded the migratory move, they not only brought with them their own (upper-tail) human capital, but also perpetuated a persistence of human capital investment over time as manifested in a significantly higher density of jinshi scholars in the imperial civil service exam and number of Confucian academies in the past, and years of schooling today. Keywords: War shocks; Migration; Historical spatial development; Human capital; Population density; China (search for similar items in EconPapers) Downloads: (external link) Related works: Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:regeco:v:94:y:2022:i:c:s0166046221000788 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2021.103718 Access Statistics for this article Regional Science and Urban Economics is currently edited by D.P McMillen and Y. Zenou More articles in Regional Science and Urban Economics from Elsevier |
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