Low-grade heat to hydrogen: Current technologies, challenges and prospective

Wei Yang, Jingjing Bao, Hongtao Liu, Jun Zhang and Lin Guo

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2023, vol. 188, issue C

Abstract: Energy crisis and environmental pollution have posed significant challenges to the development of human society. Hydrogen energy as an ideal energy carrier can ensure a high energy density (∼140 MJ/kg) for industry application and environmental cleanness with water as final byproduct. Currently, more than 50 % of the global energy consumption is discharged as low-grade heat. Conversion of waste heat to green hydrogen energy is of great significance to increase the efficiency of energy utilization. In this review, various approaches for converting low-grade heat to hydrogen are discussed regarding the fundamental principles and conversion routines, and the recent advances in the design and construction of different conversion systems are summarized with a focus on the hydrogen production rate, low-grade heat conversion efficiency and power density. Furthermore, we conclude with a conclusion and perspective highlighting the major challenges and possible strategies for improving low-grade heat to hydrogen conversion in various systems.

Keywords: Thermodynamic cycle; Thermoelectricity; Thermo-electrochemical redox; Reverse electrodialysis; Temperature-dependent catalyst (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113842

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