Hierarchical distributed MPC method for hybrid energy management: A case study of ship with variable operating conditions

Hanyou Liu, Ailong Fan, Yongping Li, Richard Bucknall and Li Chen

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2024, vol. 189, issue PA

Abstract: The energy management (EM) strategy, power controller, and local controller of the EM system are coupled, and together affect hybrid power system performance. To achieve coordinated control and multi-objective optimisation of a hybrid power system, a hierarchical distributed control method was proposed, and a validation study was conducted based on model-in-the-loop simulations (MILs) and hardware-in-the-loop simulations (HILs). First, a real-time EM strategy based on a combination of forward dynamic programming (FDP) and model predictive control (MPC) methods was proposed to optimise the power allocation for multiple energy sources. Second, a distributed controller based on a consistency algorithm was proposed to coordinate the differences in the characteristics of multiple energy sources. A dynamic virtual impedance-based droop controller was designed for dynamic tracking of the reference power. The performance of the three-layer control structure was comprehensively validated through MILs and HILs. The results show that the dynamic virtual impedance-based droop control method can track the nonlinear reference power with control deviation within 5 %. The distributed controller is able to keep the bus voltage stable. The global control accuracy of the DC bus voltage is improved by 18.08 %, and the battery current global fluctuations is reduced by 17.4 %. The real-time FDP-MPC-based EM strategy can achieve 99.89 % energy savings and emissions reduction compared to the global DP-MPC-based method, with greater robustness, real-time performance. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for real-time applications and can achieve hierarchical and multi-objective optimal control of the hybrid power system.

Keywords: Multi-energy hybrid power; Energy management; Hierarchical distributed control; MPC; Real-time optimisation; Model and hardware in the loop simulation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113894

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