A closed-loop valorization of the waste biomass through two-stage anaerobic digestion and digestate exploitation

Gaia Mazzanti, Francesca Demichelis, Debora Fino and Tonia Tommasi

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2025, vol. 207, issue C

Abstract: This review investigates the two-stage anaerobic digestion (TSAD) of organic waste to produce high-value products according to circular economy principles. The novelty of the study is the coupling of energy-carrying production including H2 and CH4, with the digestate treatments through closed-loop valorization.

Keywords: Biohydrogen; Two-stage anaerobic digestion; Co-digestion; Digestate conversion; Biochar; Nutrients recovery (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114938

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