Protection and fault ride-through techniques of VSC-HVDC systems for offshore wind power transmission—Research status, challenges, and prospects

Jiawei He, Lei Xue, Bin Li, Ye Li, Eduardo Prieto-Araujo and Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2025, vol. 210, issue C

Abstract: The safe and reliable operation of offshore voltage-source-converter-based high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) transmission systems poses a significant challenge to the vigorous development of offshore wind power. This research reviews and analyses the latest advances in protection and fault ride-through techniques for offshore VSC-HVDC wind power transmission systems, primarily including fault characteristic analysis, DC protection principles, fault current limitation, and energy dissipation techniques. The research begins by summarizing typical offshore wind power transmission types and their characteristics. Subsequently, the transient response characteristics of DC faults, fault-current calculation methods, and additional challenges in offshore VSC-HVDC systems, are analysed. Based on this, the current research status of non-unit and pilot protections for DC line are reviewed, and the brand-new protection challenges caused by distant offshore special locations are outlined. Thereafter, the fault ride-through techniques, primarily including DC fault current limitation and DC energy dissipation, are discussed. The technical difficulties regarding fault ride-through in offshore VSC-HVDC systems are presented. In addition, corresponding research approaches are discussed.

Keywords: Offshore wind power; VSC-HVDC transmission; Fault characteristics; DC protection; Fault ride-through; Fault current limiting (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115138

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