Transition metal compounds in the hydrodeoxygenation of biomass derivatives

M.A. Golubeva and A.L. Maximov

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2025, vol. 210, issue C

Abstract: Conventional hydroprocessing catalysts such as transition metal oxides and sulfides were compared to less widespread catalysts such as transition metal phosphides, carbides, and nitrides in the hydrodeoxygenation of biomass derivatives. Interest in using the three latter types of compounds as heterogeneous catalysts has increased significantly in the last 10–20 years. All these transition metal catalysts are united by the presence of active sites responsible for hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation. The activity in hydrodeoxygenation is determined by the presence of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites and anion vacancies in the catalysts, while the activity in hydrogenation is determined by the presence and availability of metal sites and the presence of anion vacancies. The catalysts investigated were found to have a great potential for the selective production of aromatic hydrocarbons, used as solvents and gasoline components; diesel-range hydrocarbons, and other valuable products. However, water formation during the hydroprocessing and coke deposition can lead to a reduction in catalyst activity.

Keywords: Transition metal oxide; Transition metal sulfide; Transition metal phosphide; Transition metal carbide; Transition metal nitride; Hydrodeoxygenation; Biomass; Phenol; Fatty acid (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115153

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