Sustainable strategies in maize-wheat systems: Integrating tillage, residue, and nutrient management for food-energy-carbon footprint optimization

Mohammad Hasanain, V.K. Singh, S.S. Rathore, Vijay Singh Meena, Sunita Kumari Meena, Kapila Shekhawat, R.K. Singh, B.S. Dwivedi, Arti Bhatia, P.K. Upadhyay, Raghavendra Singh, Subhash Babu, Amit Kumar, Adarsh Kumar, Ayesha Fatima, Gaurav Verma, Sandeep Kumar, Kartik Sharma and Nikita Singh

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2025, vol. 211, issue C

Abstract: Developing climate-resilient and sustainable agronomic practices is imperative to tackle these issues and enhance the overall sustainability and efficiency of MWS (maize-wheat system) in the IGPs (Indo-Gangetic Plains). In a two-year field experiment focused on MWS in the IGPs, various agronomic practices were evaluated for their impact on productivity, profitability, energy use efficiency, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The experiment utilized different crop establishment methods (CEMs) and nutrient management options (NMOs). Among CEMs, permanent raised beds (PRB) with residue (R) (Sc4-PRB + R) significantly enhanced system productivity (+23.2 %) over conventional tillage (CT) without residue (Sc1-CT-R), with higher system production and monetary efficiencies. Similarly, nutrient management using Nutrient Expert® with GreenSeeker™ (Nm3-NE + GS) resulted in the highest productivity (11.16 Mg ha−1), production efficiency (41.6 kg ha−1 day−1), and monetary efficiency ($7.77 ha-1 day−1), surpassing soil test-based (Nm1-STB) and Nutrient Expert® based (Nm2-NE) recommendations. Environmental sustainability metrics showed lower energy intensity and GHGs-emissions under Sc3-PRB-R combined with Nm3-NE, indicated reduced global warming potential (31.94–32.61 %) and GHG-intensity (44.63 %–46.66 %), respectively.

Keywords: Crop establishment methods; Greenhouse gas emission; Maize-wheat system; Nutrient management options; System energy; System productivity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115316

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