Industrial solid wastes as carbonatable binders for abating CO2 emission

Canyu Lv, Zhichao Liu, Fazhou Wang and Shuguang Hu

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2025, vol. 214, issue C

Abstract: The rapid increase in industrial solid wastes (ISW) worldwide poses significant challenges for waste management, with landfilling proving insufficient. ISW utilization offers a promising route for valorizing the stockpiled and freshly produced solid wastes from various industries. This review examines the potential of alkaline ISWs, enriched in calcium silicate minerals, calcium hydroxide, and magnesia, to transform CO2 into building products. Key ISWs with high carbonation reactivity and cementing properties include steel slag, magnesium slag, yellow phosphorous slag, and calcium-silica slag. A comprehensive understanding of phase formation mechanisms and composition characteristics during the pyrometallurgical processes of these ISWs is provided. Their properties are further summarized, highlighting the impact of the different properties on the applications, with steel and magnesium slags showing better prospects in a comprehensive view. The current status of applications is reviewed, highlighting several building products that have been developed to hold promises for commercial applications. Current application status is also reviewed along with two cases of application using steel slag and magnesium slag to make building products on the pilot and industrial scales. This review aims to contribute to the development of sustainable building materials and effective waste management solutions, thereby promoting industrial symbiosis and reducing environmental impacts.

Keywords: Industrial solid wastes; Carbonatable binder; Steel slag; Magnesium slag; Accelerate carbonation; Carbon solidified building products; Phase formation mechanism; Large-scale application (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115557

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