Vehicle-to-grid energy technologies: Patent landscape analysis, technical updates and innovations towards sustainable transportation

Maher G.M. Abdolrasol, M.A. Hannan, S.K. Tiong, Shaheer Ansari, Yanis Hamoudi, Pin Jern Ker and M.J. Hossain

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2025, vol. 224, issue C

Abstract: This paper examines the growing field of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology and its potential to enhance energy management systems. The study highlights V2G's role in enabling bidirectional energy flow between electric vehicles (EVs) and the power grid, facilitating renewable energy integration and grid stability. A patent landscape analysis was conducted using data from 2008 to 2025, focusing on simple patent families (i.e., groups of patents sharing a common priority document) to identify innovation trends, key contributors, and technical advancements. Major players such as Toyota, IBM, and Ford are shown to lead in V2G-related intellectual property, particularly in domains like bidirectional fast-charging, decentralized power control, and smart energy exchange. The analysis reveals a notable increase in patent filings after 2020 and emphasizes the dominance of CPC/IPC classes such as B60L53/67 and Y02T10/70, underscoring the field's shift toward intelligent, sustainable transport solutions. By mapping patent activity and emerging technologies, this study offers forward-looking insights into how V2G innovations are poised to shape the future of decarbonized mobility, energy resilience, and grid modernization.

Keywords: Renewable energy; Vehicle-to-grid; Control; Patent analysis; Electric vehicle; Smart grid (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116142

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