Almond production in Iran: An analysis of energy use efficiency (2008–2011)

Mehdi Torki-Harchegani, Rahim Ebrahimi and Mahmood Mahmoodi-Eshkaftaki

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, vol. 41, issue C, 217-224

Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyse input–output energy in almond production in Chahrmahal-Va-Bakhtiari province, Iran. Almond production data were collected from producers using the direct questionnaire method. The results reveal that electricity accounted for a large part of the input energy (50%), followed by chemical fertilizers. The average contributions of human labour, chemicals, farmyard manure, diesel fuel and machinery were 6.89%, 6.77%, 4.70%, 4.66% and 3.59% of the total energy input, respectively. The average values of total energy output, net energy gain and energy efficiency were 140.2GJha−1, 77.7GJha−1 and 2.24, respectively. In addition, the average values for energy productivity and specific energy were 19kgGJ−1 and 0.06GJkg−1, respectively. The average values for direct, indirect, renewable and non-renewable forms of energy were 41.6GJha−1 (66.63%), 20.9GJha−1 (33.36%), 18.3GJha−1 (29.21%) and 44.2GJha−1 (70.79%), respectively.

Keywords: Almond; Energy use efficiency; Net energy; Electrical energy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.037

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