Traversing the history of solid catalysts for heterogeneous synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from carbohydrate sugars: A review

Bhumica Agarwal, Kamalakannan Kailasam, Rajender Singh Sangwan and Sasikumar Elumalai

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, vol. 82, issue P3, 2408-2425

Abstract: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) belongs to the group of “drop-in biofuels” and platform molecule of prime importance. Synthesis of HMF from various sugar sources has traversed a long span of time and has witnessed various modifications viz., use of heterogeneous catalysts over homogeneous catalysts, employment of organic phase over aqueous, introduction of biphasic systems to overcome side reaction limitations and still counting. Every modification has been carried out with the objective of improved selectivity and product synthesis, cost and energy optimization, and a shift towards greener process over existing methods. Use of lignocellulosic biomass instead of commercial sugars also finds applicability in direct HMF synthesis along with levulinic acid, furfural etc. However, low yields from these abundant, cheap and readily available sugar sources are still ideal for scale-up of the process strategies. Among large pool of studies available in this area, current review presents the advantages imparted towards HMF synthesis with the advent of heterogeneous catalysis over the course of time and various reaction systems evolved to meet the steeping demand of HMF, specifically from common carbohydrate sources. Special attention has been paid to understand the mechanism of modifications imparted to various solid catalysts for improved HMF synthesis.

Keywords: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; Heterogeneous catalysis; Heteropoly acids; Ion-exchange resin; Metal organic frameworks (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (13)

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DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.088

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