International inequality in energy use and CO2 emissions (1820–2020)

Paolo Malanima

Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2024, vol. 70, issue C, 233-244

Abstract: Global inequality is made up of two components: inequality within countries and between countries. Over the last two centuries, the second component has strongly shaped global inequality. However, little is known about its evolution over time, and nothing at all about inequality in energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This article presents a comprehensive reconstruction of international divergence and convergence from the side of energy consumption and CO2 emissions over two centuries. From 1820 to 1919, inequality between countries increased and so did inequality in GHG emissions. This increase was followed by ups and downs until the 1970s, when a decline of international inequality began. Convergence in both energy consumption and GHG emissions accelerated after 2000.

Keywords: Energy; Inequality, Divergence; Convergence; CO2 emissions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: N50 N70 O33 O44 Q40 Q50 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:streco:v:70:y:2024:i:c:p:233-244

DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2024.02.005

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