Extended Whipple’s index approach to analyze proxy response and rounding in travel surveys

Shunta Yoshikawa and Takuya Maruyama

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2025, vol. 191, issue C

Abstract: Proxy response bias in travel surveys affects the quality of reported data. The resulting quality deterioration should be evaluated carefully. In this study, we employed an index for evaluating survey quality using rounding in reported trip departure times. The index was developed based on Whipple’s index, which measures inaccuracies in age reporting in demography. Data from the 2017 US National Household Travel Survey was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed index. The results demonstrate that 1) proxy response produced more rounded reporting than the self-response, 2) proxy-reported trips accompanied by proxy completers contained fewer rounded records, 3) proxy-reported records completed by those who reported more rounded records in their surveys often contain more instances of rounding, and 4) the number of proxy-reported trips decreases with an increase in rounding in the completers report. The findings of this study will be useful in correcting proxy response bias in future studies, and the index can be used to evaluate the quality of existing travel survey data.

Keywords: Proxy response; Rounding error; National household travel survey; Survey bias (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2024.104328

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