The global diffusion of environmental clubs: how pressure from importing countries supports the chemical industry’s Responsible Care® program

Ellen Alexandra Holtmaat, Christopher Adolph and Aseem Prakash

World Development, 2020, vol. 127, issue C

Abstract: Environmental clubs have proliferated across sectors and issue areas. We examine the diffusion of the chemical industry’s Responsible Care® (RC) program. Much of the work on the diffusion of clubs has focused on the demand side: why firms join these clubs despite the costs of doing so. There is some work focusing on the supply side: why actors establish or create a new club. However, there is virtually no work examining why national-level industry associations decide to subscribe to an existing global environmental club in order to make it available to their members.

Keywords: Voluntary environmental programs; Trade; Responsible Care; Voluntary regulation; California effect (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:127:y:2020:i:c:s0305750x19303845

DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104735

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