Long-lasting consequences of being targeted

Thang Dang ()

World Development, 2025, vol. 195, issue C

Abstract: While numerous majority-controlled governments globally have enacted hostile policies targeting minority groups, the long-term consequences of these policies remain insufficiently explored. By exploiting policy changes directed at the Chinese ethnic minority in South Vietnam between 1956 and 1963, this paper investigates the long-lasting effects of in utero exposure to hostile policies on multigenerational outcomes and social mobility. The findings reveal that such exposure adversely affects education, labor market outcomes, family formation, and economic well-being, while significantly increasing women’s fertility both intensively and extensively among directly impacted individuals. These hostile policies furthermore have intergenerational consequences, diminishing the next generation’s human capital and hindering educational mobility across genera- tions.

Keywords: Hostile policies; Minorities; Fetal origins; Inequality; South Viet- nam (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I21 I31 I32 J15 J18 J62 J71 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X25002001
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:195:y:2025:i:c:s0305750x25002001

DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107115

Access Statistics for this article

World Development is currently edited by O. T. Coomes

More articles in World Development from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Catherine Liu ().