Gender in Transition: The Case of North Korea

Stephan Haggard and Marcus Noland

World Development, 2013, vol. 41, issue C, 51-66

Abstract: This paper uses survey data to examine the experience of women in North Korea’s economic transition. Women have been shed from state-affiliated employment and thrust into a market environment characterized by weak institutions and corruption. More than one-third of men indicate that criminality and corruption is the best way to make money, and 95% of female traders report paying bribes. The increasingly male-dominated state preys on the increasingly female-dominated market. Energies are directed toward survival and this population appears to lack the tools to act collectively to improve their status.

Keywords: gender; transition; refugees; North Korea (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2013
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Working Paper: Gender in Transition: The Case of North Korea (2012)
Working Paper: Gender in Transition: The Case of North Korea (2011)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:41:y:2013:i:c:p:51-66

DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.06.012

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