Imitation or Innovation? The impacts of patents and R&D expenditures on the high-tech exports of Newly Industrialised Countries
R Ackrill and
R Çetin
Economic Issues Journal Articles, 2025, vol. 30, issue 1, 45-65
Abstract:
Exports have long been shown as being important in driving economic growth and development. The development and export of high-tech products has been shown to play a particularly significant role in this. But how do lesser-developed countries develop such products and thus progress to higher levels of income and economic development – by imitation or innovation? This is a dynamic process that warrants being revisited regularly, given also the mixed empirical results in the extant literature. In this study we focus on the high-tech exports of a panel of eight newly industrialised countries (NICs) over 1996–2016. We make two important contributions to the literature: we focus on the country-level, complementing the considerable literature analysing firm-level effects; and we analyse jointly the relationships between patents, research and development (R&D) expenditure and the export of high-tech goods. Employing panel cointegration and panel Granger causality testing procedures, we reject the imitation hypothesis: NICs are engaging in product innovation with R&D activities leading to patents that provide long-run export benefits. Our results also support the self-selection hypothesis over learning-by-exporting in the dynamics of trade- led economic development. NICs’ research and innovation activity suggests a growing dynamic benefit in terms of export-led-growth via a focus on high-tech exports.
Keywords: High-Tech Exports; Imitation v Innovation; NICs; Patent; R&D Expenditures (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O31 O57 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:
Downloads: (external link)
http://www.economicissues.org.uk/Files/2025/EI_Spring2025_ackrill.pdf (application/pdf)
Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.
Export reference: BibTeX
RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan)
HTML/Text
Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eis:articl:125ackrill
Access Statistics for this article
More articles in Economic Issues Journal Articles from Economic Issues Contact information at EDIRC.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Dan Wheatley ().