Convergencia regional en México, 1940-1995

Gerardo Esquivel ()

El Trimestre Económico, 1999, vol. 66 (4), issue 264, 725-761

Abstract: This paper describes and analyzes the characteristics of the process of economic convergence among the states and regions of Mexico during the 1940-95 period. We derive two main results from our study. First, regional disparities in Mexico declined at a rate of 1,2 percent per year between 1940 and 1995. This rate is too low when compared to the experiences of other countries and it has been insufficient to reduce the marked regional inequality that has characterized the country since 1940. Second, we identified that the process of regional convergence in Mexico has really taken place in two stages: in the first one, from 1940 through 1960, there was a relatively rapid process of regional convergence in Mexico. During the second stage, from 1960 through 1995, the convergence process suddenly stopped and it even began to revert itself. This paper ends with a brief discussion about some alternative explanations for such pattern of regional development.// Este trabajo delinea y analiza las características del proceso de convergencia económica entre los estados regiones de México durante el período de 1940-1995. De nuestro análisis se infieren dos resultados principales. Primero las disparidades regionales en México se han reducido a una tasa de 1.2% por año entre 1940 y 1995. Esta tasa de convergencia es muy baja cuando se le compara con las experiencias de otros países, y ha sido claramente insuficiente para reducir la marcada desigualdad regional que ha caracterizado al país desde 1940. Segundo, se identificaron dos fases claramente diferenciadas del proceso de convergencia regional: la primera de ellas, de 1940 a 1960, se caracterizó por un proceso relativamente rápido de convergencia regional; durante la segunda fase, de 1960 a 1995, este proceso se detuvo de manera súbita e incluso mostró cierta tendencia a revertirse. El trabajo termina con un breve análisis de algunas explicaciones posibles de esta pauta de desarrollo regional.

Date: 1999
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