Energy transition strategies in Portugal: wind and solar externalities on municipalities housing prices

Margarita Robaina, Fátima Lima, Tiago Miguel, Edimar Ramalho, Kouassi Isaac Hayaka, Mara Madaleno, Marta Ferreira Dias, Mónica Meireles and Anabela Botelho

International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 2026, vol. 19, issue 7, 23-44

Abstract: PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the impact of wind and solar farms on housing prices in Portugal to better understand their role in shaping social acceptance.Design/methodology/approachFixed-effects models with Driscoll–Kraay standard errors are estimated using municipal-level panel data for 177 municipalities from 2011 to 2022. Renewable energy deployment is captured through three measures: presence, number of farms and installed capacity (MW) of wind and solar power.FindingsResults indicate that wind farms generally do not affect housing prices. However, for each additional MW of installed wind capacity, the median housing price decreases, on average, by €1.11/m2. By contrast, solar farms are linked to higher housing values, with municipalities hosting solar farms exhibiting average housing prices €28.51/m2 above those without.Practical implicationsFindings highlight the importance of accounting for housing market externalities in renewable energy planning to foster social acceptance and improve policy design.Originality/valueThis study examines how wind and solar energy projects may affect housing markets in Portugal, a country simultaneously leading the energy transition and experiencing sharp increases in housing prices. It also contributes methodologically by using municipal-level aggregated data, providing a broader perspective than studies focused on micro-level or property-specific data.

Keywords: Housing prices; Renewable energy; Wind farms; Solar farms; Externalities; Social acceptance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eme:ijhmap:ijhma-08-2025-0190

DOI: 10.1108/IJHMA-08-2025-0190

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