Managers in the context of hybrid work: the impact of ICT demands on outcomes

Katarzyna Mikołajczyk, Agnieszka Wojtczuk-Turek, Dorota Molek-Winiarska and Łukasz Haromszeki

International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 2026, vol. 75, issue 11, 82-106

Abstract: PurposeThis paper responds to recent theoretical calls to identify domain-specific resources in the digital work era. It examines the internal regulatory mechanism through which ICT demands impact managers' well-being, job performance and presenteeism in hybrid work environments, focussing on the mediating role of digital well-being as a previously underexplored regulatory pathway.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the job demands-resources (JD-R) theory, recently refined to address digital workplace complexities, this study explores how digital well-being, as a personal resource, mediates the relationship between ICT demands and managerial outcomes. The study employed purposive sampling to survey 350 managers from various industries in Poland via computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data.FindingsICT demands were not directly associated with managers' well-being or job performance, but were positively associated with presenteeism. Digital well-being significantly mediated these relationships. High ICT demands tended to deplete this personal resource, whereas maintaining digital well-being reduced the negative impact of ICT demands, sustaining better well-being and job performance while decreasing presenteeism. These findings highlight digital well-being as a crucial protective factor in digitally intensive work contexts.Originality/valueThis study extends the JD-R framework by validating digital well-being as a specific ICT-related resource essential for self-regulation in hybrid work. It offers practical guidance for organisations to mitigate digital presenteeism and enhance job performance by incorporating digital well-being into organisational strategies through training, boundary-setting, and promoting sustainable ICT use habits.

Keywords: ICT demands; Digital well-being; Hybrid work; Job performance; Presenteeism; Managerial outcomes; JD-R model (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eme:ijppmp:ijppm-07-2025-0756

DOI: 10.1108/IJPPM-07-2025-0756

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