The Impact of Quantum Computing on Cryptographic Systems: Urgency of Quantum-Resistant Algorithms and Practical Applications in Cryptography

Charles Kinyua Gitonga
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Charles Kinyua Gitonga: Chuka University, Kenya

European Journal of Information Technologies and Computer Science, 2025, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Quantum computing presents computational powers previously thought unattainable. This brings severe threats to classical cryptographic methods, especially RSA and ECC. This paper addresses these risks through a detailed investigation of quantum-resistant algorithms, focusing on lattice- based (CRYSTALS-Kyber), hash-based (SPHINCS+), and code-based (McEliece) systems. Research questions guiding this study include: How vulnerable are traditional algorithms under quantum attack, and which quantum-resistant alternatives offer viable performance and security trade-offs? Through simulations, we analyzed key metrics like encryption speeds, key sizes, and efficiency under quantum threats. Additionally, we demonstrated vulnerabilities in RSA-2048 and ECC-256 under Shor’s algorithm, emphasizing the necessity for quantum-resistant cryptography. Our results highlighted CRYSTALS-Kyber as a balanced candidate, aligning with the NIST PQC Standardization, while Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is reviewed for high-sensitivity contexts. Given the forecasted advancements in quantum hardware, we propose a transitional approach using hybrid cryptographic systems to ensure immediate security and ease the shift to quantum-safe protocols. This study also explores industry applications, particularly in finance, healthcare, and IoT, recommending a phased adoption strategy utilizing hybrid cryptographic systems for a secure, gradual transition.

Keywords: Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC); Quantum Computing; Quantum Key Distribution (QKD); Quantum-Resistant Algorithms (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:epw:comput:v:5:y:2025:i:1:id:10146

DOI: 10.24018/compute.2025.5.1.146

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