Richmond Fed Economic Brief

2008 - 2025

From Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond
Contact information at EDIRC.
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2025, volume 25, articles 12

Tariffs: Estimating the Economic Impact of the 2025 Measures and Proposals

Marina Azzimonti, Zach Edwards, Sonya Ravindranath Waddell and Acacia Wyckoff

2025, volume 25, articles 10

Hiring Puzzle: Why Do Firms Decrease Hiring So Much in Recessions?

Katrina Borovickova

2025, volume 25, articles 09

Sentiment About Business Debt as a Leading Economic Indicator

Danilo Leiva-Leon, Thomas Lubik, Gabriel Perez-Quiros, Nathan Robino, Horacio Sapriza, Francisco Vazquez-Grande and Egon Zakrajšek

2025, volume 25, articles 7

SOS! Signaling Recessions Earlier

John O'Trakoun and Adam Scavette

2025, volume 25, articles 06

How Do Banks Choose Where to Place Branches?

Lindsay Li and Nicholas Trachter

2025, volume 25, articles 5

Understanding Diffusion Indexes: Insights and Applications

Santiago Pinto

2025, volume 25, articles 04

How Is Housing Handled in the National Income and Product Accounts?

Marios Karabarbounis and John O'Trakoun

2025, volume 25, articles 02

Supply Chain Resilience and the Effects of Economic Shocks

Nicolas Morales

2025, volume 25, articles 1

Will the Pandemic Surge in Employer Business Formation Last?

Chen Yeh

2024, volume 24, articles 40

The Center for Advancing Women in Economics: A Conference Recap

Matthew Wells

2024, volume 24, articles 39

Anatomy of the Bank Runs in March 2023

Marco Cipriani, Thomas Eisenbach and Anna Kovner

2024, volume 24, articles 38

The Economic and Human Impacts of Hurricanes

Toan Phan and Sonya Ravindranath Waddell

2024, volume 24, articles 37

Goodfriend Memorial Lecture: The U.S. Current Account Deficit and the Global Capital Market Revisited

Maurice Obstfeld

2024, volume 24, articles 36

Examining the Differences in r* Estimates

Paul Ho and Thomas Lubik

2024, volume 24, articles 35

To Whom It May Concern: Demographic Differences in Letters of Recommendation

Beverly Hirtle and Anna Kovner

2024, volume 24, articles 34

The Persistent Decline of LFP Rates for Older Individuals Around the Pandemic

Andreas Hornstein

2024, volume 24, articles 33

The Living Arrangements of Older Households

John Jones, Yue Li and Urvi Neelakantan

2024, volume 24, articles 32

Career Progressions and Wage Growth: Decreasing the Gap Between Richer and Poorer Workers

Katrina Borovickova and Claudia Macaluso

2024, volume 24, articles 30

A Model-Based Perspective on Inflation and the Distribution of Relative Price Changes

Francisco Ruge-Murcia and Alexander Wolman

2024, volume 24, articles 29

Understanding the Lack of Skill Specialization in Peru

Andrea Atencio De Leon, Munseob Lee and Claudia Macaluso

2024, volume 24, articles 28

Will Interest Rates Remain Elevated Even as Monetary Policy Normalizes?

Felipe Schwartzman

2024, volume 24, articles 27

Sectoral Multipliers and Technology Adoption as Insight Into Growth

Lindsay Li and Nicholas Trachter

2024, volume 24, articles 26

How Can We Make a Progressive Tax System More Efficient?

Marios Karabarbounis

2024, volume 24, articles 25

The Productivity Puzzle: AI, Technology Adoption and the Workforce

Erin Henry, Pierre Daniel Sarte and Jack Taylor

2024, volume 24, articles 24

Commuting Patterns and Characteristics of Fifth District Counties

Sierra Latham and Santiago Pinto

2024, volume 24, articles 23

Tracking College Tuition Growth

Grey Gordon, Aaron Hedlund and Brennan Merone

2024, volume 24, articles 22

Assessing GSE Mortgage Portfolios’ Exposure to Past and Future Flood Risk

Toan Phan

2024, volume 24, articles 21

Redlining and U.S. Residential Mortgage Market Pricing

Andrew Ellul, David Marques-Ibanez, Horacio Sapriza, Alex Sclip and Jack Taylor

2024, volume 24, articles 20

Economic Policy Uncertainty in Election Years

Marina Azzimonti

2024, volume 24, articles 19

Aggregate Effects of the Adoption of AI

Andreas Hornstein

2024, volume 24, articles 18

How Do Demographics Influence r*?

Paul Ho

2024, volume 24, articles 17

Are Younger Generations of Women Prepared for Retirement?

John Jones, Yue Li and Urvi Neelakantan

2024, volume 24, articles 16

Return-to-Office Orders: A Survey Analysis of Employment Impacts

Grey Gordon and Sonya Ravindranath Waddell

2024, volume 24, articles 15

How Do College-Educated Immigrants Affect US Firms and Workers?

Nicolas Morales

2024, volume 24, articles 14

Career Progressions and Wage Growth: Is There a One-Size-Fits-All Job Ladder?

Katrina Borovickova and Claudia Macaluso

2024, volume 24, articles 13

Residual Seasonality in Monthly Core Inflation

Andreas Hornstein

2024, volume 24, articles 12

Can China Avoid a Liquidity-Trap Recession? Some Unintended Consequences of Macroprudential Policies

Russell Wong

2024, volume 24, articles 11

Developments in Antitrust Policy Against Labor Market Monopsony

Chen Yeh

2024, volume 24, articles 10

Stargazing: Estimating r* in Other Countries

Thomas Lubik, Brennan Merone and Nathan Robino

2024, volume 24, articles 09

Inflation and Relative Price Changes Since the Onset of the Pandemic

Alexander Wolman

2024, volume 24, articles 08

Real Estate Commissions and Home Search Efficiency

Borys Grochulski and Zhu Wang

2024, volume 24, articles 7

Are Place-Based Policies a Boon for Everyone?

Santiago Pinto

2024, volume 24, articles 06

How Does Market Competition Affect Banks' Adaptation to Changes in Flood Risks?

Toan Phan

2024, volume 24, articles 05

Diverging Trends in Market Concentration

Lindsay Li and Nicholas Trachter

2024, volume 24, articles 04

How Female Labor Supply Shapes Aggregate Labor Market Dynamics

Marios Karabarbounis

2024, volume 24, articles 03

Inflation Expectations and Price Setting Among Fifth District Firms

Felipe Schwartzman and Sonya Ravindranath Waddell

2024, volume 24, articles 02

Of Soft, Hard and Aborted Landings

Erin Henry, Pierre Daniel Sarte and Jack Taylor

2024, volume 24, articles 01

Essentiality of Money: A Historical Perspective

Bruno Sultanum

2023, volume 23, articles 42

Did U.S. Immigration Policy Influence India’s IT Boom?

Gaurav Khanna and Nicolas Morales

2023, volume 23, articles 41

Sorting in the Labor Market

Katrina Borovickova

2023, volume 23, articles 40

How Are Women Represented in Economic Research at the Fed?

Marina Azzimonti and Acacia Wyckoff

2023, volume 23, articles 39

Portfolios Across the U.S. Wealth Distribution

John Jones and Urvi Neelakantan

2023, volume 23, articles 37

What Does Sectoral Inflation Tell Us About the Aggregate Trend in Inflation?

Paul Ho and Mark Watson

Profits and Inflation in the Time of COVID

Andreas Hornstein

2023, volume 23, articles 36

How Domestic Outsourcing Affects the Labor Market

Claudia Macaluso

2023, volume 23, articles 35

Perspectives on the Banking Turmoil of 2023

Huberto Ennis

2023, volume 23, articles 34

Removing Conflict of Interest for Agents of Homebuyers

Borys Grochulski and Zhu Wang

2023, volume 23, articles 33

The Collateral Channel and Bank Credit

Arun Gupta, Horacio Sapriza and Vladimir Yankov

2023, volume 23, articles 32

The Stars Our Destination: An Update for Our R* Model

Thomas Lubik and Christian Matthes

2023, volume 23, articles 31

Untangling Persistent Inflation: Understanding the Factors at Work

Felipe Schwartzman

2023, volume 23, articles 30

A Small Contribution to Measuring the Lags in Monetary Policy Transmission

Alexander Wolman

2023, volume 23, articles 29

The Pandemic’s Effects on Children’s Education

Santiago Pinto

2023, volume 23, articles 28

A Look at the Impact of the Work-From-Home Revolution

Claudia Macaluso

2023, volume 23, articles 27

Mortgage Spreads and the Yield Curve

Grey Gordon

2023, volume 23, articles 26

A Rate Cycle Unlike Any Other

Erin Henry, Conner Mulloy and Pierre Daniel Sarte

2023, volume 23, articles 25

A New Look at the Effects of Weather Shocks Over Time

Toan Phan

2023, volume 23, articles 24

How Costly Is Rising Market Power for the U.S. Economy?

Chen Yeh

2023, volume 23, articles 23

Innovation, Diffusion and Intellectual Property Rights

Zhu Wang

2023, volume 23, articles 22

The Effects of Higher Borrowing Costs: Insights from Sovereign Default Models

Grey Gordon

2023, volume 23, articles 21

How Much Do Multinational Companies in the U.S. Depend on Immigrant Workers?

Nicolas Morales

2023, volume 23, articles 20

Partisan Conflict in the U.S. and Potential Impacts on the Economy

Marina Azzimonti

2023, volume 23, articles 19

How Well Insured Are Older Americans?

Erin Henry, John Jones and Pauline Sow

2023, volume 23, articles 18

Goodfriend Memorial Lecture: Knowledge Creation and Diffusion

Hugo A. Hopenhayn

2023, volume 23, articles 17

Networks, Innovation and Productivity: A Conference Recap

John Mullin and Matthew Wells

2023, volume 23, articles 16

How Well Do Firms Retain Customers After Price Increases?

Samira Gholami and Nicholas Trachter

2023, volume 23, articles 15

Why Are Economists Still Uncertain About the Effects of Monetary Policy?

Paul Ho

2023, volume 23, articles 14

How Much Do Labor Costs Affect Prices in Recessions and in Expansions?

Marios Karabarbounis

2023, volume 23, articles 13

Unemployment Changes as Recession Indicators

Andreas Hornstein

2023, volume 23, articles 12

Black-White Differences in Student Loan Default Rates Among College Graduates

Urvi Neelakantan

2023, volume 23, articles 11

Detecting Inflation Instability

Alexander Wolman

2023, volume 23, articles 10

Why Do Long-Term Unemployed Workers Struggle to Find New Jobs?

Katrina Borovickova

2023, volume 23, articles 09

What Is a Crypto Conglomerate Like FTX? Economics and Regulations

Jonathan Chiu and Russell Wong

2023, volume 23, articles 08

Trade-offs in Fulfilling the Fed’s Dual Mandate

Felipe Schwartzman

2023, volume 23, articles 07

Fed Balance Sheet Normalization and the Minimum Level of Ample Reserves

Huberto Ennis and Tre' McMillan

2023, volume 23, articles 06

Why Are Startups Important for the Economy?

Chen Yeh

2023, volume 23, articles 05

How Important Are Asset Price Fluctuations for Business Investment?

Marios Karabarbounis and Kushal Patel

2023, volume 23, articles 04

Policies for Improving Sovereign Debt Restructurings

Kushal Patel and Horacio Sapriza

2023, volume 23, articles 03

What Survey Measures of Inflation Expectations Tell Us

Erin Henry, Conner Mulloy and Pierre Daniel Sarte

2023, volume 23, articles 02

Secular Trends in Macroeconomics and Firm Dynamics: A Conference Recap

Timothy Sablik and Matthew Wells

2023, volume 23, articles 1

How Does Trade Impact the Way GDP Growth and Inflation Comove Across Countries?

Paul Ho, Pierre Daniel Sarte and Felipe Schwartzman