Emerging Concepts on the Role of ADP-Ribosylation

Palmiro Poltronieri
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Palmiro Poltronieri: Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, CNR-ISPA, Ecotekne, via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni km 7, 73100 Lecce, Italy

Challenges, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-4

Abstract: NAD + has emerged as a crucial element in both bioenergetic and signaling pathways, since it acts as a key regulator of cellular and organism homeostasis. NAD + is a coenzyme in redox reactions, a donor of adenosine diphosphate-ribose (ADPr) moieties in ADP-ribosylation reactions, and a substrate for sirtuins, a group of histone deacetylase enzymes that use NAD + to remove acetyl groups from proteins. NAD + is also a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose, a second messenger in the release and signaling of Ca ++ , and of diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and oligoadenylates (oligo2′-5′A)—two immune response-activating compounds. In the biological systems considered in this review, NAD + is mostly consumed in ADP-ribose (ADPr) transfer reactions. In this review, the roles of these chemical products are discussed in biological systems, such as in animals, plants, fungi and bacteria. In the review, ADP-ribosylating enzymes are introduced, as well as the importance to restore the NAD + pools in these systems. Finally, a special attention is presently focused on viral macrodomains, aimed to develop inhibitors to improve the immune response to viruses.

Keywords: ADP Ribosyl Transferases (ARTs); post-translational modification (PTM); Macrodomain; ADP ribose glycohydrolases (ARH); ADP ribose (ADPr); Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ); nicotinamide (Nam); m-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: A00 C00 Z00 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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