Insights into the Adsorption of Cr(VI) on Activated Carbon Prepared from Walnut Shells: Combining Response Surface Methodology with Computational Calculation

Hicham Yazid, Taoufiq Bouzid, El mountassir El Mouchtari, Lahoucine Bahsis (), Mamoune El Himri, Salah Rafqah and Mohammadine El Haddad ()
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Hicham Yazid: Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry (LCAM), Department Chimie—Faculty Poly Disciplinary of Safi (FPS), BP 4162, Safi 46000, Morocco
Taoufiq Bouzid: Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry (LCAM), Department Chimie—Faculty Poly Disciplinary of Safi (FPS), BP 4162, Safi 46000, Morocco
El mountassir El Mouchtari: Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry (LCAM), Department Chimie—Faculty Poly Disciplinary of Safi (FPS), BP 4162, Safi 46000, Morocco
Lahoucine Bahsis: Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry (LCAM), Department Chimie—Faculty Poly Disciplinary of Safi (FPS), BP 4162, Safi 46000, Morocco
Mamoune El Himri: Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry (LCAM), Department Chimie—Faculty Poly Disciplinary of Safi (FPS), BP 4162, Safi 46000, Morocco
Salah Rafqah: Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry (LCAM), Department Chimie—Faculty Poly Disciplinary of Safi (FPS), BP 4162, Safi 46000, Morocco
Mohammadine El Haddad: Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry (LCAM), Department Chimie—Faculty Poly Disciplinary of Safi (FPS), BP 4162, Safi 46000, Morocco

Clean Technol., 2024, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-22

Abstract: Walnut shells were used to produce highly microporous activated carbon. The prepared activated walnut shells were found to be an efficient adsorbent for removing Cr(VI). The study used the response surface methodology to investigate four independent variables effect: Cr(VI) concentration, pH, AC-Ws dose, and temperature on the Cr(VI) removal efficiency, which was studied in the concentration range of 0.1 to 0.3 g/L, 4 to 10, 15 to 35 °C and 1 to 5 mg/L, respectively. Through experiments designed, the optimum conditions were determined to be 4, 0.23 g/L, 298 k, and 2 g/L, respectively. At these conditions, the efficiency of removal was found to be 93%. The thermodynamic study of the adsorption process showed a spontaneous and exothermic nature. The kinetic model that explains the experimental data is the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm model was estimated to be an excellent representation of the equilibrium data. Quantum calculations and NCI analyses were also performed to get more light on the adsorption mechanism of the Cr(VI) atom and its complex form on the prepared AC-Ws surface.

Keywords: adsorption; Chromium (VI); walnut shell; activated carbon; experimental design (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:6:y:2024:i:1:p:12-220:d:1346013

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