Nitrogen-Doped Porous Waste Biomass as a Sustainable Adsorbent for CO 2 Capture: The Influence of Preparation Conditions

Christiano B. Peres, Leandro C. Morais and Pedro R. Resende ()
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Christiano B. Peres: Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP) “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Sorocaba Campus, São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil
Leandro C. Morais: Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP) “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Sorocaba Campus, São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil
Pedro R. Resende: proMetheus, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal

Clean Technol., 2025, vol. 7, issue 1, 1-21

Abstract: In the context of global warming, technologies and studies aimed at mitigating carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) have become increasingly relevant. One such technology is CO 2 capture by activated and functionalized N-doped carbon from biomasses. This paper explores the ways to find the optimal CO 2 adsorption conditions, based on the carbonization temperature, impregnation rate, and preparation method, considering four different preparation routes in activated and functionalized carbon-N (PCs) of banana peel biomass residues. PCs were produced and chemically activated by K 2 C 2 O 4 and H 2 O and functionalized by ethylenediamine (EDA). Carbon dioxide capture was investigated using functional density theory (DFT). Nitrogen (N) doping was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while the thermal characteristics were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) detection, and surface functional groups were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In addition, the inorganic components were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The best performance of CO 2 adsorption of 1.69 mmol/g was achieved at 0 °C and 1 bar over the adsorbent synthesized at 600 °C with 60 min residence time, a 1:1 degree of impregnation, and a dry preparation method (single-stage preparation). This work presents as a great innovation the use of biomass as a raw material in the adsorption of the main greenhouse gases, using easy and accessible products.

Keywords: CO 2 capture; porous carbon; nitrogen-doped; residual biomass (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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