Advancements in Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS): A Comprehensive Review of Technologies and Prospects

Nisreen Salem, Kamalpreet Kaur Brar (), Ali Asgarian, Kulwinder Kaur, Sara Magdouli and Nancy N. Perreault
Additional contact information
Nisreen Salem: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
Kamalpreet Kaur Brar: Research Centre of Clean Energy Innovation (CEI), National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave., Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
Ali Asgarian: Research Centre of Clean Energy Innovation (CEI), National Research Council Canada, 2620 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, ON L5K 1B4, Canada
Kulwinder Kaur: School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences (PBS), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 VN51 Dublin, Ireland
Sara Magdouli: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
Nancy N. Perreault: Research Centre of Clean Energy Innovation (CEI), National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave., Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada

Clean Technol., 2025, vol. 7, issue 4, 1-36

Abstract: Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is the most significant anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG), accounting for approximately 81% of total emissions, with methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and fluorinated gases contributing the remainder. Rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, driven primarily by fossil fuel combustion, industrial processes, and transportation, have surpassed the Earth’s natural sequestration capacity, intensifying climate change impacts. Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) offers a portfolio of solutions to mitigate these emissions, encompassing pre-combustion, post-combustion, oxy-fuel combustion, and direct air capture (DAC) technologies. This review synthesizes advancements in CO 2 capture materials including liquid absorbents (amines, amino acids, ionic liquids, hydroxides/carbonates), solid adsorbents (metal–organic frameworks, zeolites, carbon-based materials, metal oxides), hybrid sorbents, and emerging hydrogel-based systems and their integration with utilization and storage routes. Special emphasis is given to CO 2 mineralization using mine tailings, steel slag, fly ash, and bauxite residue, as well as biological mineralization employing carbonic anhydrase (CA) immobilized in hydrogels. The techno-economic performance of these pathways is compared, highlighting that while high-capacity sorbents offer scalability, hydrogels and biomineralization excel in low-temperature regeneration and integration with waste valorization. Challenges remain in cost reduction, material stability under industrial flue gas conditions, and integration with renewable energy systems. The review concludes that hybrid, cross-technology CCUS configurations combining complementary capture, utilization, and storage strategies will be essential to meeting 2030 and 2050 climate targets.

Keywords: CCUS; carbon capture; sequestration; carbonic anhydrase; immobilization; hydrogels (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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