Expert Support System for Calculating the Cost-Effectiveness of Constructing a Sewage Sludge Solar Drying Facility

Emir Zekić, Dražen Vouk and Domagoj Nakić ()
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Emir Zekić: Hidronova Co., Ltd., Lovinčićeva 1C, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Dražen Vouk: Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Domagoj Nakić: Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

Clean Technol., 2025, vol. 7, issue 4, 1-33

Abstract: Sewage sludge, as a by-product of wastewater treatment, represents a significant cost factor in the operation of wastewater treatment plants and accounts for up to 50% of total costs. As sewage sludge still contains a high proportion of water after the basic treatment processes (thickening, stabilization and dewatering), sludge drying helps to reduce further treatment and disposal costs. Conventional drying methods are associated with high energy consumption, making solar drying a more cost-effective alternative. This paper analyzes the economic aspects of constructing a sewage sludge solar drying facility with the help of an expert system based on neural networks. The system considers a range of parameters (plant capacity, transport distance, transport and treatment costs, etc.) to assess the values of the investment as well as the operation and maintenance costs. The analysis was carried out using NeuralTools (Lumivero). Two main options for sludge disposal were investigated: treatment at a regional center (with the sub-options of own or outsourced transport) and handing over of sludge to another legal entity. In total, five neural network models were developed based on the input load (from 75 to 10,000 t/year and from 10,000 to 20,000 t/year) and transport method (own or outsourced transport), resulting in an analysis of over 670,000 scenarios. The key output variable was the net present value of costs over a 30-year period. The results demonstrated high model accuracy (error < 5%) and allowed a comparison of the profitability of constructing a sewage sludge solar drying facility with alternative methods of sludge disposal, in particular with the transport and disposal of the dewatered sludge.

Keywords: dewatered sewage sludge; dried sewage sludge; solar drying; neural networks; expert system; net present value (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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