Investigating Mid-Latitude Lower Ionospheric Responses to Energetic Electron Precipitation: A Case Study

Aleksandra Kolarski (), Vladimir A. Srećković, Zoran R. Mijić and Filip Arnaut
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Aleksandra Kolarski: Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
Vladimir A. Srećković: Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
Zoran R. Mijić: Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
Filip Arnaut: Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia

Data, 2025, vol. 10, issue 8, 1-9

Abstract: Localized ionization enhancements (LIEs) in altitude range corresponding to the D-region ionosphere, disrupting Very-Low-Frequency (VLF) signal propagation. This case study focuses on Lightning-induced Electron Precipitation (LEP), analyzing amplitude and phase variations in VLF signals recorded in Belgrade, Serbia, from worldwide transmitters. Due to the localized, transient nature of Energetic Electron Precipitation (EEP) events and the path-dependence of VLF responses, research relies on event-specific case studies to model reflection height and sharpness via numerical simulations. Findings show LIEs are typically under 1000 × 500 km, with varying internal structure. Accumulated case studies and corresponding data across diverse conditions contribute to a broader understanding of ionospheric dynamics and space weather effects. These findings enhance regional modeling, support aerosol–electricity climate research, and underscore the value of VLF-based ionospheric monitoring and collaboration in Europe.

Keywords: ionosphere; energetic electron precipitation; lightning-induced electron precipitation; localized ionization enhancements; remote sensing (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C8 C80 C81 C82 C83 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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