Deep Learning with Northern Australian Savanna Tree Species: A Novel Dataset

Andrew J. Jansen (), Jaylen D. Nicholson, Andrew Esparon, Timothy Whiteside, Michael Welch, Matthew Tunstill, Harinandanan Paramjyothi, Varma Gadhiraju, Steve van Bodegraven and Renee E. Bartolo
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Andrew J. Jansen: Department of Climate Change, Energy, Environment and Water, Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, NT 0820, Australia
Jaylen D. Nicholson: Department of Climate Change, Energy, Environment and Water, Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, NT 0820, Australia
Andrew Esparon: Department of Climate Change, Energy, Environment and Water, Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, NT 0820, Australia
Timothy Whiteside: Department of Climate Change, Energy, Environment and Water, Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, NT 0820, Australia
Michael Welch: Department of Climate Change, Energy, Environment and Water, Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, NT 0820, Australia
Matthew Tunstill: Department of Climate Change, Energy, Environment and Water, Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, NT 0820, Australia
Harinandanan Paramjyothi: Department of Climate Change, Energy, Environment and Water, Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, NT 0820, Australia
Varma Gadhiraju: Microsoft, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
Steve van Bodegraven: Microsoft, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
Renee E. Bartolo: Department of Climate Change, Energy, Environment and Water, Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, NT 0820, Australia

Data, 2023, vol. 8, issue 2, 1-13

Abstract: The classification of savanna woodland tree species from high-resolution Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) imagery is a complex and challenging task. Difficulties for both traditional remote sensing algorithms and human observers arise due to low interspecies variability (species difficult to discriminate because they are morphologically similar) and high intraspecies variability (individuals of the same species varying to the extent that they can be misclassified), and the loss of some taxonomic features commonly used for identification when observing trees from above. Deep neural networks are increasingly being used to overcome challenges in image recognition tasks. However, supervised deep learning algorithms require high-quality annotated and labelled training data that must be verified by subject matter experts. While training datasets for trees have been generated and made publicly available, they are mostly acquired in the Northern Hemisphere and lack species-level information. We present a training dataset of tropical Northern Australia savanna woodland tree species that was generated using RPAS and on-ground surveys to confirm species labels. RPAS-derived imagery was annotated, resulting in 2547 polygons representing 36 tree species. A baseline dataset was produced consisting of: (i) seven orthomosaics that were used for in-field labelling; (ii) a tiled dataset at 1024 × 1024 pixel size in Common Objects in Context (COCO) format that can be used for deep learning model training; (iii) and the annotations.

Keywords: RPAS; drones; tropical savanna; savanna woodlands; Kakadu National Park; artificial intelligence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C8 C80 C81 C82 C83 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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