Examining Unified Physical Education from the Teacher’s Perspective

Zarah Ford and Martin E. Block ()
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Zarah Ford: Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
Martin E. Block: Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA

Disabilities, 2025, vol. 5, issue 3, 1-19

Abstract: One of the greatest benefits of inclusion in general physical education (PE) is the opportunity for social interactions between students with and without disabilities. Unfortunately, interviews with students with disabilities who have participated in PE often find that social interactions with students without disabilities were limited. A model that promotes interaction between students with and without disabilities in PE is Special Olympics Unified Physical Education (UPE). In UPE, students with and without disabilities participate in activities together rather than the one-way focus on traditional peer tutoring. There have been anecdotal reports on the positive benefits of UPE for both students with and without disabilities. To date, there has been no published research on UPE. Additionally, some question how UPE has been implemented in schools, specifically questioning if UPE provided quality PE and whether students with disabilities were forced into UPE and denied opportunities to participate in general PE. The purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand how UPE was developed and implemented in select U.S. schools and the impact on social interactions between students with and without disabilities. Interviews with twelve teachers who were directly involved in their UPE programs revealed the following four major themes: (1) our students were not being served appropriately, (2) a mix of PE standards and Special Olympics programming, (3) UPE is a choice, and (4) our students improved in many ways. The discussion examined the results in relation to the criticisms of UPE and how UPE proved to be a positive alternative to limited social interactions in general PE.

Keywords: unified physical education; disabilities; social interactions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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