Signs of Fluctuations in Energy Prices and Energy Stock-Market Volatility in Brazil and in the US

Gabriel Arquelau Pimenta Rodrigues (), André Luiz Marques Serrano, Gabriela Mayumi Saiki, Matheus Noschang de Oliveira, Guilherme Fay Vergara, Pedro Augusto Giacomelli Fernandes, Vinícius Pereira Gonçalves and Clóvis Neumann
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Gabriel Arquelau Pimenta Rodrigues: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
André Luiz Marques Serrano: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
Gabriela Mayumi Saiki: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
Matheus Noschang de Oliveira: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
Guilherme Fay Vergara: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
Pedro Augusto Giacomelli Fernandes: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
Vinícius Pereira Gonçalves: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
Clóvis Neumann: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil

Econometrics, 2024, vol. 12, issue 3, 1-19

Abstract: Volatility reflects the degree of variation in a time series, and a measurement of the stock performance in the energy sector can help one understand the pattern of fluctuations within this industry, as well as the factors that influence it. One of these factors could be the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to extreme volatility within the stock market in several economic sectors. It is essential to understand this regime of volatility so that robust financial strategies can be adopted to handle it. This study used stock data from the Yahoo! Finance API and data from the energy-price database from the US Energy Information Administration to conduct a comparative analysis of the volatility in the energy sector in Brazil and in the United States, as well as of the energy prices in California. The volatility in these time series were modeled using GARCH. The stock volatility regimes, both before and after COVID-19, were identified with a Markov switching model; the spillover index between the energy markets in the USA and in Brazil was evaluated with the Diebold–Yilmaz index; and the causality between the energy stock price and the energy prices was measured with the Granger causality test. The findings of this study show that (i) the volatility regime introduced by COVID-19 is still prevalent in Brazil and in the USA, (ii) the changes in the energy market in the US affect the Brazilian market significantly more than the reverse, and (iii) there is a causality relationship between the energy stock markets and the energy prices in California. These results may assist in the achievement of effective regulation and economic planning, while also supporting better market interventions. Also, acknowledging the persistent COVID-19-induced volatility can help with developing strategies for future crisis resilience.

Keywords: energy stocks; energy price; time series; volatility (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: B23 C C00 C01 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C8 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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