Daily Emissions of CO 2 in the World: A Fractional Integration Approach

Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana () and Carlos Poza
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Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana: Faculty of Economics and NCID, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
Carlos Poza: Faculty of Law, Business and Governance, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain

Econometrics, 2025, vol. 13, issue 3, 1-11

Abstract: In this article, daily CO 2 emissions for the years 2019–2022 are examined using fractional integration for Brazil, China, EU-27 (and the UK), India, and the USA. According to the findings, all series exhibit long memory mean-reversion tendencies, with orders of integration ranging between 0.22 in the case of India (with white noise errors) and 0.70 for Brazil (under autocorrelated disturbances). Nevertheless, the differencing parameter estimates are all considerably below 1, which supports the theory of mean reversion and transient shocks. These results suggest the need for a greater intensification of green policies complemented with economic structural reforms to achieve the zero-emissions target by 2050.

Keywords: CO 2 emissions; persistence; long memory; fractional integration (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: B23 C C00 C01 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C8 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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