Gendered Dimensions of Poverty in Indonesia: A Study of Financial Inclusion and the Influence of Female-Headed Households

Retno Agustina Ekaputri (), Ketut Sukiyono, Yefriza Yefriza, Ratu Eva Febriani and Ririn Nopiah
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Retno Agustina Ekaputri: Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Bengkulu, Bengkulu 38122, Indonesia
Ketut Sukiyono: Department of Agricultural Socio-Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu, Bengkulu 38122, Indonesia
Yefriza Yefriza: Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Bengkulu, Bengkulu 38122, Indonesia
Ratu Eva Febriani: Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Bengkulu, Bengkulu 38122, Indonesia
Ririn Nopiah: Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Bengkulu, Bengkulu 38122, Indonesia

Economies, 2025, vol. 13, issue 8, 1-19

Abstract: This study examines the feminization of poverty in Indonesia, focusing on the distinct vulnerabilities faced by female-headed households. Utilizing data from the 2023 National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) involving 291,231 households, this study applies a logistic regression model to investigate gender-specific determinants of household poverty. This research finds that education, digital literacy, financial inclusion, and the employment sector are significant factors influencing poverty status, with female-headed households facing disproportionately higher risks. These gaps are mainly attributed to systemic barriers in financial access, digital literacy gaps, and limited labor market opportunities for women. This study emphasizes the importance of implementing gender-responsive policy measures, including targeted education, enhanced digital literacy training, and inclusive financial programs. By presenting empirical evidence from Indonesia, this study contributes to the discourse on gender and poverty, offering actionable insights for the development of inclusive poverty alleviation strategies.

Keywords: multidimensional poverty; financial inclusion; digital literacy; gender inequality; female-headed households (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: E F I J O Q (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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