Multi-Time Scale Control of Demand Flexibility in Smart Distribution Networks

Bishnu P. Bhattarai, Kurt S. Myers, Birgitte Bak-Jensen and Sumit Paudyal
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Bishnu P. Bhattarai: Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
Kurt S. Myers: Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
Birgitte Bak-Jensen: Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Sumit Paudyal: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA

Energies, 2017, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-18

Abstract: This paper presents a multi-timescale control strategy to deploy electric vehicle (EV) demand flexibility for simultaneously providing power balancing, grid congestion management, and economic benefits to participating actors. First, an EV charging problem is investigated from consumer, aggregator, and distribution system operator’s perspectives. A hierarchical control architecture (HCA) comprising scheduling, coordinative, and adaptive layers is then designed to realize their coordinative goal. This is realized by integrating multi-time scale controls that work from a day-ahead scheduling up to real-time adaptive control. The performance of the developed method is investigated with high EV penetration in a typical residential distribution grid. The simulation results demonstrate that HCA efficiently utilizes demand flexibility stemming from EVs to solve grid unbalancing and congestions with simultaneous maximization of economic benefits to the participating actors. This is ensured by enabling EV participation in day-ahead, balancing, and regulation markets. For the given network configuration and pricing structure, HCA ensures the EV owners to get paid up to five times the cost they were paying without control.

Keywords: congestion management; demand response; electric vehicle; hierarchical control; microgrid; smart charging; smart grid (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (8)

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