Integration of Electric Vehicles into the Power Distribution Network with a Modified Capacity Allocation Mechanism

Junjie Hu, Hugo Morais, Tiago Sousa, Shi You and Reinhilde D’hulst
Additional contact information
Junjie Hu: Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Hugo Morais: Department of Electrical Engineering, Knowledge Engineering and Decision Support Research Center (GECAD), Institute of Engineering—Polytechnic of Porto (ISEP/IPP), 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
Tiago Sousa: Department of Electrical Engineering, Knowledge Engineering and Decision Support Research Center (GECAD), Institute of Engineering—Polytechnic of Porto (ISEP/IPP), 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
Shi You: Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Reinhilde D’hulst: Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Boerentang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium

Energies, 2017, vol. 10, issue 2, 1-20

Abstract: The growing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) represents an operational challenge to system operators, mainly at the distribution level by introducing congestion and voltage drop problems. To solve these potential problems, a two-level coordination approach is proposed in this study. An aggregation entity, i.e., an EV virtual power plant (EV-VPP), is used to facilitate the interaction between the distribution system operator (DSO) and EV owners considering the decentralized electricity market structure. In level I, to prevent the line congestion and voltage drop problems, the EV-VPP internally respects the line and voltage constraints when making optimal charging schedules. In level II, to avoid power transformer congestion problems, this paper investigates three different coordination mechanisms, or power transformer capacity allocation mechanisms, between the DSO and the EV-VPPs, considering the case of EVs charging and discharging. The three mechanisms include: (1) a market-based approach; (2) a pro-rata approach; and (3) a newly-proposed constrained market-based approach. A case study considering a 37-bus distribution network and high penetration of electric vehicles is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed coordination mechanism, comparing with the existing ones.

Keywords: coordination mechanisms; electric vehicles; network-constrained operation; virtual power plants (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/10/2/200/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/10/2/200/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:2:p:200-:d:89998

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().