Energy Trading and Pricing in Microgrids with Uncertain Energy Supply: A Three-Stage Hierarchical Game Approach

Kai Ma, Shubing Hu, Jie Yang, Chunxia Dou and Josep M. Guerrero
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Kai Ma: School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Shubing Hu: School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Jie Yang: School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Chunxia Dou: School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Josep M. Guerrero: Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9100, Denmark

Energies, 2017, vol. 10, issue 5, 1-16

Abstract: This paper studies an energy trading and pricing problem for microgrids with uncertain energy supply. The energy provider with the renewable energy (RE) generation (wind power) determines the energy purchase from the electricity markets and the pricing strategy for consumers to maximize its profit, and then the consumers determine their energy demands to maximize their payoffs. The hierarchical game is established between the energy provider and the consumers. The energy provider is the leader and the consumers are the followers in the hierarchical game. We consider two types of consumers according to their response to the price, i.e., the price-taking consumers and the price-anticipating consumers. We derive the equilibrium point of the hierarchical game through the backward induction method. Comparing the two types of consumers, we study the influence of the types of consumers on the equilibrium point. In particular, the uncertainty of the energy supply from the energy provider is considered. Simulation results show that the energy provider can obtain more profit using the proposed decision-making scheme.

Keywords: microgrid; uncertainty; hierarchical game; non-cooperative game (NCG); energy trading; pricing strategy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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